Data centers are premises in which powerful brains are stored. Network systems process large amounts of information and store important datum. Network equipment that forms IT systems require constant feeding. A stable energy supply is needed to guarantee smooth and uninterruptible functioning. PDUs are designed for this purpose.
Below, we’re going to get to the core of what PDUs are. We’ll find out what it is, outline the main types, and discuss how to pick suitable models for particular purposes.
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PDU: Essence & Features
What does PDU stand for?
The abbreviation is used to denote a power distribution unit. Thus, its mission becomes clear immediately. The device is used to supply electricity to networking components and feed IT system hardware. One PDU can feed up to 8 devices simultaneously.
Yet, it is also responsible for other functions. PDUs not only supply but also control, optimize, and distribute power. These functions result in reducing energy wastage, carbon footprint, and hardware downtime.
What does a power distribution unit do?
Load balancing and efficient energy allocation are some of the main functions of PDUs. They are programmed to optimize the needed amount of energy supplied to network systems. Built-in sensors and parts allow for maintaining redundancy and allocating resources effectively.
Note that the PDU acts a significant role in creating and maintaining the optimal environments in server racks and cabinets. By powering fans and other ventilation equipment, as well as sensors for climate control, the device ensures secure hardware operation.
Types of PDUs
Modern manufacturers offer several types of devices for powering IT systems. Depending on the required power capacity, size, and purpose, system administrators tend to use specific devices.
Before we get down to the classification of PDUs, note that it is important to find a trusted supplier of hardware. Sysracks is one such distributor. If you need a server rack PDU, visit their website’s category https://sysracks.com/catalog/rack-accessories/power-distribution-units/. All the listed products are available in the catalog.
To answer what PDU in server rack is and pick appropriate ones for your facility, you should clearly understand the difference between the existing kinds of devices. The following kinds of PDUs are distinguished in the industry:
- Basic models. This class of devices is the most standard in the sphere. However, it has a primitive set of functions. Such products supply and distribute power, but they do not have any extra functionalities, such as protection against electrical surges, etc. So, protectors should be installed additionally in this case.
- Managed models. This category of devices features a more extended list of functionalities. In addition to power supply, they have built-in tools designed to control, monitor, and regulate energy usage in server systems. If an electricity outage occurs, they can supply dependable backup power as well.
- Metered models. This class of products features built-in meters that allow for monitoring the efficiency of electricity supply and distribution. Thus, they allow for preventing overloads and oversupply, meaning that no extra expenses are spent on paying for electricity. Meters do not have a direct connection to network systems. Yet, a smart power cable is used to enable remote control.
- Monitored models. Such products are characterized by the application of multiple monitoring tools for identifying power fluctuations, tracking DC energy distribution, and collecting other types of data for the analysis of system operation.
- Switched products. This category of devices comes as a more advanced type of PDUs. Switched products have a set of extra tools built into their bodies to convey more functions. For instance, digital meters allow for loading level information and conveying voltage. Such devices provide technicians with the opportunity to monitor outlets individually, which comes as the main peculiarity of such products. A network-grade energy source is used for feeding.
- Automatic Transfer Switch models. These devices provide automatic transfer of the load to the redundant power bus in the event of the main input failure. ATS PDUs are typically installed in large data centers and server rooms where power reliability is a major factor and a UPS is not practical.
- Hot Swap models. These products allow for repairing and replacing UPSs without taking the system offline. With such devices, the system stays online and continues functioning due to the connection to online UPSs. Such PDUs require dual input power cables to enable connection to a particular infrastructure.
How does a PDU work?
The PDU works as a power strip. It does not generate energy; it rather relays AC from one source and directs it to all the hardware pieces that require feeding (PCs, IT equipment, etc.). The device is usually connected to the primary energy source (utility power, generator, UPS). PDUs are usually installed locally in facilities; for instance, in server cabinets or racks to deliver and allocate power between system components. Sophisticated devices not only feed devices but also perform management tasks.
How to Install PDUs?
Now, that you know how a power distribution unit works, let’s consider how to mount the device. Although multiple kinds and models of the device have different constructions and body features, the general process of hardware fastening remains similar:
- Vertical brackets are aligned.
- Brackets are attached to the device.
- The power cord is connected.
- The cord is routed to the power source.
- Make sure to secure the cord. Cable straps are used to secure it.
- Connect the needed equipment (routers computers, servers, etc.) to the PDU’s outlets.
To summarize the article, let’s mention how to select a suitable PDU, i.e. what parameters require due attention. Consider where the device will be installed, what input power is required, how many devices will be connected and what energy consumption they have, what kinds of plugs are required, and how protection is arranged. These questions will help identify the best option for your facility.
Now you know what a PDU (power distribution unit) is, the main types of the product, and other key information about its operation. PDUs are needed for any system, where electrical feeding is required. Thus, it is a popular product in system administration. Modern manufacturers offer a wide range of models for any purpose and budget. The main thing is to approach the selection process responsively and pick an appropriate model.
